Can Arduino be used by a beginner in electronic circuits design?
Absolutely not.
The Arduino is a great tool. The Arduino is an excellent system tool, micro-controller, and software tutoring system.
It is not going teach you the basics of electronic circuits.
If you want to learn more about electronic circuits, please read Karthik’s answer.
Learn more about diodes and transistors, capacitors. Inductors, resistors. LEDs. Operational amplifiers.
Measurement of electric units
Learn how to apply electronics math to your everyday life.
Try circuits to study cause and effect.
Next, you can learn systems and control techniques using software. An Arduino is an excellent tool for this.
You will be an expert in electronic circuits if you understand and learn the various components.
Regards